20 Best Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off [2024]

Are you looking for the best Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off? Based on expert reviews, we ranked them. We've listed our top-ranked picks, including the top-selling Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off.

We Recommended:

# Preview Product
1 Fosmon (Set of 4) Analog Stick Joystick Controller Performance Thumb Grips Compatible with PS5, PS4,... Fosmon (Set of 4) Analog Stick Joystick Controller Performance Thumb Grips Compatible with PS5,...
2 36pcs Joystick Grip for Ps5 Ps4 Controller, Silicone Thumb Grips Caps Cover Analog Stick for... 36pcs Joystick Grip for Ps5 Ps4 Controller, Silicone Thumb Grips Caps Cover Analog Stick for...
3 VizGiz 12 Pack Universal Thumbstick Grips PS4 Thumb Grip Analog Stick Covers Joystick Controller Cap... VizGiz 12 Pack Universal Thumbstick Grips PS4 Thumb Grip Analog Stick Covers Joystick Controller...
4 KontrolFreek FPS Freek Galaxy White for Playstation 4 (PS4) and Playstation 5 (PS5) | Performance... KontrolFreek FPS Freek Galaxy White for Playstation 4 (PS4) and Playstation 5 (PS5) | Performance...
5 for PS5, PS4, PS3, Switch Pro, Xbox one, Xbox 360, Wii U, PS2 Controller Analog Stick Thumbsticks... for PS5, PS4, PS3, Switch Pro, Xbox one, Xbox 360, Wii U, PS2 Controller Analog Stick Thumbsticks...
6 KontrolFreek FPS Freek Galaxy Purple for PlayStation 4 (PS4) and PlayStation 5 (PS5) | Performance... KontrolFreek FPS Freek Galaxy Purple for PlayStation 4 (PS4) and PlayStation 5 (PS5) |...
7 Fosmon [Set of 4] Analog Stick Joystick Controller Performance Extended Thumb Grips for Xbox One |... Fosmon [Set of 4] Analog Stick Joystick Controller Performance Extended Thumb Grips for Xbox One...
8 GeekShare Cute Ghost Playstation 4/5 Controller Thumb Grips, Soft Silicone Thumbsticks Cover Set... GeekShare Cute Ghost Playstation 4/5 Controller Thumb Grips, Soft Silicone Thumbsticks Cover Set...
9 Collective Minds Strike Pack F.P.S. Dominator Controller Adapter with MODS & Paddles for PS4 Collective Minds Strike Pack F.P.S. Dominator Controller Adapter with MODS & Paddles for PS4
10 Thrustmaster T.Flight HOTAS 4 for PS4 and PC - PlayStation 4 Thrustmaster T.Flight HOTAS 4 for PS4 and PC - PlayStation 4
11 PERFECTSIGHT Cute Thumb Grip Caps for PS5/PS4/Xbox One (Series X, S)/Nintendo Pro Controller, Steam... PERFECTSIGHT Cute Thumb Grip Caps for PS5/PS4/Xbox One (Series X, S)/Nintendo Pro Controller,...
12 KontrolFreek FPS Freek Inferno for Playstation 4 (PS4) and Playstation 5 (PS5) Controller |... KontrolFreek FPS Freek Inferno for Playstation 4 (PS4) and Playstation 5 (PS5) Controller |...
13 Obeka Compatible with 8 Pairs Thumb Grips Silicone Analog Stick Covers Thumbstick Controller... Obeka Compatible with 8 Pairs Thumb Grips Silicone Analog Stick Covers Thumbstick Controller...
14 AceShot Thumb Grips (8pc) for Xbox One (Series X, S) & Steamdeck by Foamy Lizard – Sweat Free 100%... AceShot Thumb Grips (8pc) for Xbox One (Series X, S) & Steamdeck by Foamy Lizard – Sweat Free...
15 4 Pieces Self-Stick Rubber Non Slip Pads Furniture Grippers Furniture and Floor Protectors for... 4 Pieces Self-Stick Rubber Non Slip Pads Furniture Grippers Furniture and Floor Protectors for...
16 Xbox One Controller Joystick Replacement - 6PCS Original Thumbsticks Analog Thumb Sticks Parts -... Xbox One Controller Joystick Replacement - 6PCS Original Thumbsticks Analog Thumb Sticks Parts -...
17 Logitech X52 Pro Flight Control System Logitech X52 Pro Flight Control System
18 Thumb Grips for PS4 PS5 Controller – 5 Pairs Thumbstick Control Caps Joystick Analog Stick Covers... Thumb Grips for PS4 PS5 Controller – 5 Pairs Thumbstick Control Caps Joystick Analog Stick...
19 Fosmon (Set of 4) Analog Stick Joystick Controller Performance Thumb Grips Compatible with PS5, PS4,... Fosmon (Set of 4) Analog Stick Joystick Controller Performance Thumb Grips Compatible with PS5,...
20 carocheri 4 Pairs 8 Pcs Silicone Cap Joystick Thumb Grip Protect Cover for Ps3 Ps4 Xbox 360 Xbox One... carocheri 4 Pairs 8 Pcs Silicone Cap Joystick Thumb Grip Protect Cover for Ps3 Ps4 Xbox 360 Xbox...
SaleBestseller No. 1
Fosmon (Set of 4) Analog Stick Joystick Controller Performance Thumb Grips Compatible with PS5, PS4,...
  • [NON-SLIP GAMING THUMB GRIP CAPS] Enhance your gaming with Fosmon’s silicone gaming thumb grip caps. You will no longer have to worry about your...
  • [EXTENDED THUMB GRIPS] These thumb grip caps extend the normal length of your controller analog sticks to help with easier controls
  • [PROTECT YOUR ANALOG STICK] Fosmon’s thumb grip caps help protects your analog sticks against wear and tear.
  • [EASY TO INSTALL] Simply turn the caps inside-out and pop it over your controller analog stick.
  • [LIMITED LIFETIME WARRANTY] This Fosmon product includes a limited lifetime warranty. Please visit our Fosmon website for more details
Bestseller No. 2
36pcs Joystick Grip for Ps5 Ps4 Controller, Silicone Thumb Grips Caps Cover Analog Stick for...
  • High Strength Material: made of environment-friendly, high strength silicone rubber, anti slip. Silicone material has excellent ventilation, so it is...
  • Different Height: different heights and different types of joystick grips can be freely matched with different games, you can perform better in the...
  • Protect Joystick: long time use, easy to cause wear on the joysticks, silicone cover can effectively prevent wear. Compared with hard joysticks, soft...
  • Various Styles: 36pcs ps4/ps5 joystick grips contain various colors and styles, they will provide you with different choices and game experience. Also...
  • Widly Use: precision production, because of its high elasticity, can be applied for ps4/ps5 Playstation 5, Playstation 4, XBox 360, XBox One, Xbox...
Bestseller No. 3
VizGiz 12 Pack Universal Thumbstick Grips PS4 Thumb Grip Analog Stick Covers Joystick Controller Cap...
  • Silicone thumb stick grip cap cover for PS3 / PS4 / Xbox 360 / Xbox one / Wii Controllers
  • Easy to install - just turn the caps inside-out and then pop over the sticks
  • Enhance your gaming experience with these simple concave grip add-ons
  • Made from high quality silicon, comfortable and durable; Accurate and sensitive design, enable you perfect playing experience;
  • Package include: 12pcs( 6 Pair ) black silicone controllers thumb stick grips
Bestseller No. 4
KontrolFreek FPS Freek Galaxy White for Playstation 4 (PS4) and Playstation 5 (PS5) | Performance...
  • INCREASED ACCURACY - Mixed height combo for faster target acquisition and increased precision on the right, as well as better control and maneuvering...
  • IMPROVES COMFORT & GRIP - Non-slip, proprietary rubber compound offers exceptional grip and requires less force which reduces wrist, hand and thumb...
  • ONE HIGH-RISE (CONVEX) THUMBSTICK - That adds 10.0 mm for increased accuracy on right analog
  • ONE MID-RISE (CONVEX) THUMBSTICK - On the left analog for enhanced control with in-game movement while adding a nominal height of 6.5 mm
  • VERSATILE - The added grip and comfort works well across your entire library of games and protects stock thumbsticks from wear and tear *packaging may...
Bestseller No. 5
for PS5, PS4, PS3, Switch Pro, Xbox one, Xbox 360, Wii U, PS2 Controller Analog Stick Thumbsticks...
  • Protect joystick from wear and tear, durable,skid resistance
  • Durable rubber ,soft and comfortable
  • Each product has been strictly tested before shipment to ensure that it can work properly!
  • Replace worn out parts with a new look
  • Material: rubber
SaleBestseller No. 6
KontrolFreek FPS Freek Galaxy Purple for PlayStation 4 (PS4) and PlayStation 5 (PS5) | Performance...
  • INCREASED ACCURACY - Mixed height combo for faster target acquisition and increased precision on the right, as well as better control and maneuvering...
  • IMPROVES COMFORT & GRIP - Non-slip, proprietary rubber compound offers exceptional grip and requires less force which reduces wrist, hand and thumb...
  • ONE HIGH-RISE (CONCAVE) THUMBSTICK - That adds 10.0 mm for increased accuracy on right analog
  • ONE MID-RISE (CONCAVE) THUMBSTICK - On the left analog for enhanced control with in-game movement while adding a nominal height of 6.5 mm
  • VERSATILE - The added grip and comfort works well across your entire library of games and protects stock thumbsticks from wear and tear *Packaging May...
Bestseller No. 7
Fosmon [Set of 4] Analog Stick Joystick Controller Performance Extended Thumb Grips for Xbox One |...
  • [NON-SLIP XBOX ONE GAMING THUMB GRIP CAPS] Enhance your Xbox One gaming with Fosmon's silicone gaming thumb grip caps. You will no longer have to...
  • [CHANGE YOUR CONTROLLER LOOK] These thumb grip caps provide a great cosmetic look to your controller.
  • [PROTECT YOUR ANALOG STICK] Fosmon's thumb grip caps help protects your analog sticks against wear and tear.
  • [EASY TO INSTALL] Simply turn the caps inside-out and pop it over your controller analog stick.
  • [LIMITED LIFETIME WARRANTY] This Fosmon product includes a limited lifetime warranty. Please visit our Fosmon website for more details
Bestseller No. 8
GeekShare Cute Ghost Playstation 4/5 Controller Thumb Grips, Soft Silicone Thumbsticks Cover Set...
  • 【Compatible With】Designed for PS4, PS5, NS Pro, MOBAPAD PRO, Xbox 360,8BitDo SN30 Pro,Rapoo V600S,IINE PRO Controller,NOT for Switch Joy-Con.
  • 【GeekShare Original Design】 Cute and funny ghost theme thumbstick caps, make your device more eye-catching.
  • 【High Quality and Non-Slip】 Use high-quality silicone materials to increase the friction between finger and controller. Prevent your fingers from...
  • 【Enhanced Gaming Experience】Add controller height to ease wrist, hand and thumb. Increase turning circles resulting in more precise in-game...
  • 【Quality and Warranty】If you find any problems (damage, scratches, dirt, etc.), please feel free to contact us. Our shop always strives for...
Bestseller No. 9
Collective Minds Strike Pack F.P.S. Dominator Controller Adapter with MODS & Paddles for PS4
  • BUTTON RE-MAPPING - Assign any button to the included paddles, at any time; PC not required; Windows (7 and higher supported) Configuration software...
  • LAG FREE WIRED CONNECTION - Avoid Bluetooth interference with routers and wireless devices with a 10FT lag free connection for the competitive edge in...
  • BUILT IN CONTROLLER MODS - Literally hundreds of MOD combinations built right in; Rapid Fire, Burst Fire, Drop Shot, Quick Scope, Auto Run, even Turbo...
  • 3.5mm headset audio compatible with controller model CUH-ZCT2 and later
  • Original model CUH-ZCT1 controller NOT supported for 3.5mm headset audio – USB headset required
SaleBestseller No. 10
Thrustmaster T.Flight HOTAS 4 for PS4 and PC - PlayStation 4
  • Official joystick for PlayStation 4 with built-in buttons for the PlayStation (works with PS5 games)
  • Designed to adapt to all types of flight, and perfect for use in virtual reality: the throttle is detachable, even in virtual reality
  • Plug-and-play joystick, for a simplified and intuitive gaming experience
  • Other key features: adjustable joystick handle resistance; large, comfortable hand rest; weighted base for optimal stability
  • T.Flight Hotas 4 joystick with detachable throttle
Bestseller No. 11
PERFECTSIGHT Cute Thumb Grip Caps for PS5/PS4/Xbox One (Series X, S)/Nintendo Pro Controller, Steam...
  • ✅【Cute Lovely Animal Design,Eye-catching Decoration】You will get 4 pcs cute Joy-con thumb grips. 2 different styles, adds flavour and vitality...
  • ✅【Excellent Gaming Experience】 the thumb grips caps cover comes with anti-slip design, increase the friction between finger and controller....
  • ✅【Soft and Comfortable Touch】Made of odorless silicone material, which can protect the analog sticks from scratches and dirt, and it is very...
  • ✅【Wide Compatibility】PERFECTSIGHT Cute Thumb Grip Caps is designed for PS5 dualsense, PS4 dualshock, Xbox Series X/S, Xbox One, Switch PRO...
  • ✅【Easy to Install & Quality/Warranty】① Turn over the joystick caps. ② Align on the joystick. ③ Fall the caps. Please note: Check if the...
Bestseller No. 12
KontrolFreek FPS Freek Inferno for Playstation 4 (PS4) and Playstation 5 (PS5) Controller |...
  • INCREASED ACCURACY - Adds 9.9mm of added height to increase arc length, resulting in more precise in-game movements and faster target acquisition
  • ENHANCES GRIP - Non-slip, proprietary rubber compound offers exceptional grip with laser-etched detailing
  • INCREASED COMFORT - Requires less force which reduces wrist, hand and thumb fatigue
  • TWO HIGH-RISE (CONVEX) THUMBSTICKS - Improves your shooting accuracy, particularly at mid-to-long ranges
  • DESIGNED - with a comfortable spiral pattern that adapts to the pressure you put on it, so the harder you play, the harder Inferno works to keep your...
SaleBestseller No. 13
Obeka Compatible with 8 Pairs Thumb Grips Silicone Analog Stick Covers Thumbstick Controller...
  • ENHANCE GAMING EXPERIENCE: Personalize and enhance your gaming experience with our upgraded silicone thumb grip caps. With the Anti-skid function, you...
  • COMFORTABLE: Made of premium silicone material to improve grip, performance and comfort, also protect the analog sticks from long term wear and tear.
  • UNIVERSAL: Compatible with Sony PS4, PS3, PS2, Microsoft XBox 360, Xbox One, Xbox One S, Xbox One X, Wii U, and Wii Nunchuk controllers.
  • EASY TO INSTALL: No tools or wires required. Just flip the cap inside out and then flip it back down to wrap around the analog sticks, only take...
Bestseller No. 14
AceShot Thumb Grips (8pc) for Xbox One (Series X, S) & Steamdeck by Foamy Lizard – Sweat Free 100%...
  • Each order comes with 4 convex and 4 concave 100% silicone sweat free grips
  • Convex right stick for enhanced precision & improved accuracy while aiming
  • Concave left stick for grip and comfort which reduces hand and thumb fatigue
  • Fits perfectly on the 2022 Steamdeck** Great for Halo, COD and pretty much any FPS
  • Quickly mount over existing new or worn analog thumbsticks, please note excessively worn thumbsticks may cause grips to slip off
Bestseller No. 15
4 Pieces Self-Stick Rubber Non Slip Pads Furniture Grippers Furniture and Floor Protectors for...
  • Solve your troubles: if you are usually disturbed by scratches, gouges, marks and noises, and these noises and traces generally come from furniture,...
  • Quality materials: our furniture and floor protectors are made of quality rubber, which is safe, wear-resistant and non slip; You don't have to worry...
  • Self-stick: the back of furniture grippers is with glue, you do not need to apply extra glue, just gently tear off the film on back, then you can...
  • Easy to use: you can cut the rubber non slip pads into any shape you want to make them fit your furniture better, just tear off the film on the back,...
  • Package includes: you will receive 4 pieces 15 x 10 cm rubber non slip pads, each piece can be cut into the shape of your furniture legs, quantity is...
Bestseller No. 16
Xbox One Controller Joystick Replacement - 6PCS Original Thumbsticks Analog Thumb Sticks Parts -...
  • 🎮 BEST XBOX THUMBSTICKS IN THE MARKET - Don't continue playing with those ratty old Xbox One thumbsticks! Game longer, better and more comfortably...
  • 🎮 ENJOY YOUR FULLY FUNCTION XBOX ONE CONTROLLER - Personalize and enhance your gaming experience with feedback based rubber design. True rubberized...
  • 🎮 UPGRADED PREMIUM QUALITY - Created with the gamer in mind, perfectly fit for your controller with aggressive textured grip. Also all products...
  • 🎮 MONEY SAVER & EASY TO INSTALL - There are plenty of YouTube videos that will walk you through the process, T8 T6 screwdrivers included help you...
Bestseller No. 17
Logitech X52 Pro Flight Control System
  • Magnetic non-contact X and Y axis sensors provide enhanced longevity and improved accuracy. A dual spring centering mechanism provides a progressive,...
  • Multifunction LCD Display affords even greater control of your navigation within Flight Simulator X, thanks to direct control of the simulation’s...
  • 3D Twist with Rudder Lock, essential for simulation control. For those that already have rudder pedals, you can lock off the axis in order to prevent...
  • 5-position Grip System: Maintain excellent ergonomic comfort with no need to stretch to reach buttons
  • 282 Programmable Commands over 3 modes: Have all of the commands in Elite Dangerous or Star Citizen under your fingertips with no need to switch back...
Bestseller No. 18
Thumb Grips for PS4 PS5 Controller – 5 Pairs Thumbstick Control Caps Joystick Analog Stick Covers...
  • 🎮 ENJOY YOUR FULLY FUNCTION Controller - Game longer, better and more comfortably with our cute cat paw performance Kontrol PS4 PS5 thumb grips....
  • 🎮 ARRIVES IN STYLE - If you're a pet lover and you want to express it in your PS4 PS5 or Switch Pro controller, our patented control grip set is...
  • 🎮 UPGRADED PREMIUM QUALITY - Created with the gamer in mind, perfect decal accessories to match your PS4 PS5 or Switch Pro controller. Also all...
  • 🎮 EASY INSTALLATION - Very simple to install and detach with no modifications or tools needed, just use your fingers to turn up the edge of the...
SaleBestseller No. 19
Fosmon (Set of 4) Analog Stick Joystick Controller Performance Thumb Grips Compatible with PS5, PS4,...
  • [NON-SLIP GAMING THUMB GRIP CAPS] Enhance your gaming with Fosmon’s silicone gaming thumb grip caps. You will no longer have to worry about your...
  • [EXTENDED THUMB GRIPS] These thumb grip caps extend the normal length of your controller analog sticks to help with easier controls
  • [PROTECT YOUR ANALOG STICK] Fosmon’s thumb grip caps help protects your analog sticks against wear and tear.
  • [EASY TO INSTALL] Simply turn the caps inside-out and pop it over your controller analog stick.
  • [LIMITED LIFETIME WARRANTY] This Fosmon product includes a limited lifetime warranty. Please visit our Fosmon website for more details
SaleBestseller No. 20
carocheri 4 Pairs 8 Pcs Silicone Cap Joystick Thumb Grip Protect Cover for Ps3 Ps4 Xbox 360 Xbox One...
  • Joystick Silicone cap cover for PS3 / PS4 / Xbox 360 / Xbox One Wii U Game Controllers.
  • Well made and durable silicone cap.Add it on the joystick can be with no slippage of the pads or fingers.
  • The thumbstick rubber wear protect sticks from long term wear down and tear down
  • Protect from nails and thumbs scratch at the sticks.
  • Give your thumbs a rest with these cushion thumb grips.

Having trouble finding a great Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off?

This problem is well understood by us because we have gone through the entire Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off research process ourselves, which is why we have put together a comprehensive list of the best Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Offs available in the market today.

After hours of searching and using all the models on the market, we have found the best Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off for 2023. See our ranking below!

How Do You Buy The Best Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off?

Do you get stressed out thinking about shopping for a great Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off? Do doubts keep creeping into your mind?

We understand, because we’ve already gone through the whole process of researching Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off, which is why we have assembled a comprehensive list of the greatest Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off available in the current market. We’ve also come up with a list of questions that you probably have yourself.

John Harvards has done the best we can with our thoughts and recommendations, but it’s still crucial that you do thorough research on your own for Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off that you consider buying. Your questions might include the following:

  • Is it worth buying an Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off?
  • What benefits are there with buying an Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off?
  • What factors deserve consideration when shopping for an effective Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off?
  • Why is it crucial to invest in any Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off, much less the best one?
  • Which Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off are good in the current market?
  • Where can you find information like this about Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off?

We’re convinced that you likely have far more questions than just these regarding Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off, and the only real way to satisfy your need for knowledge is to get information from as many reputable online sources as you possibly can.

Potential sources can include buying guides for Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off, rating websites, word-of-mouth testimonials, online forums, and product reviews. Thorough and mindful research is crucial to making sure you get your hands on the best-possible Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off. Make sure that you are only using trustworthy and credible websites and sources.

John Harvards provides an Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off buying guide, and the information is totally objective and authentic. We employ both AI and big data in proofreading the collected information.

How did we create this buying guide? We did it using a custom-created selection of algorithms that lets us manifest a top-10 list of the best available Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off currently available on the market.

This technology we use to assemble our list depends on a variety of factors, including but not limited to the following:

  1. Brand Value: Every brand of Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off has a value all its own. Most brands offer some sort of unique selling proposition that’s supposed to bring something different to the table than their competitors.
  2. Features: What bells and whistles matter for an Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off?
  3. Specifications: How powerful they are can be measured.
  4. Product Value: This simply is how much bang for the buck you get from your Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off.
  5. Customer Ratings: Number ratings grade Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off objectively.
  6. Customer Reviews: Closely related to ratings, these paragraphs give you first-hand and detailed information from real-world users about their Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off.
  7. Product Quality: You don’t always get what you pay for with an Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off, sometimes less, and sometimes more.
  8. Product Reliability: How sturdy and durable an Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off is should be an indication of how long it will work out for you.

John Harvards always remembers that maintaining Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off information to stay current is a top priority, which is why we are constantly updating our websites. Learn more about us using online sources.

If you think that anything we present here regarding Ps4 Joystick Rubber Coming Off is irrelevant, incorrect, misleading, or erroneous, then please let us know promptly!

Related Post:

FAQ:

Q: What happened to the PS4 DualShock 4?

A: When the PlayStation 4 launched in late 2013 many outlets, including Polygon, heaped praise on its newly redesigned controller, called the DualShock 4. But after a year and a half of steady use, many owners are suffering from torn rubber thumbsticks — a design flaw whereby the solid plastic core of the stick tears through the outer rubber cover.

Q: How do you remove the trigger on a PS4 controller?

A: What you need to do is carefully push the top half of the controller backwards, gently working the triggers out from under this tab. If you do it right, the bottom half of the controller will just come free, dangling by a thin white ribbon cable. If you do it wrong, one or both triggers will come off.

Q: How long do rubber thumbsticks last?

A: But after a year and a half of steady use, many owners are suffering from torn rubber thumbsticks — a design flaw whereby the solid plastic core of the stick tears through the outer rubber cover. It’s an issue you can get taken care of under the standard 1-year warranty.

Q: Where can I buy replacement thumbsticks for my DualShock 4?

A: Hop on eBay right now and you can order up a set of replacement thumbsticks for as little as $6, a fraction of the cost of a replacement DualShock 4. And, if you’re not a huge fan of the DS4’s sticks, you can even swap them out for sticks identical to the ones found inside Xbox One controllers.