20 Best Parmesan Cheese Grater [2024]

Are you looking for the best parmesan cheese grater? Based on expert reviews, we ranked them. We've listed our top-ranked picks, including the top-selling parmesan cheese grater.

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# Preview Product
1 Zyliss Restaurant Cheese Grater - Handheld Rotary Cheese Grater - Cheese, Vegetable, Nut Grater -... Zyliss Restaurant Cheese Grater - Handheld Rotary Cheese Grater - Cheese, Vegetable, Nut Grater -...
2 Vivaant Professional-Grade Rotary Grater - 2 Stainless Steel Drums - Grate Or Shred Hard Cheeses,... Vivaant Professional-Grade Rotary Grater - 2 Stainless Steel Drums - Grate Or Shred Hard Cheeses,...
3 Professional Box Grater, Stainless Steel with 4 Sides, Best for Parmesan Cheese, Vegetables, Ginger,... Professional Box Grater, Stainless Steel with 4 Sides, Best for Parmesan Cheese, Vegetables,...
4 LHS Rotary Cheese Grater for Kitchen, Stainless Steel Cheese Shredder with 3 Sharp Drums, Easy to... LHS Rotary Cheese Grater for Kitchen, Stainless Steel Cheese Shredder with 3 Sharp Drums, Easy to...
5 Deiss PRO Lemon Zester & Heavy Duty Cheese Grater & Vegetable Grater — Parmesan Cheese Lemon,... Deiss PRO Lemon Zester & Heavy Duty Cheese Grater & Vegetable Grater — Parmesan Cheese Lemon,...
6 Geedel Cheese Grater Handheld Cheese Mill Parmesan Rotary Cheese Grater Cheese Shredder for Cheese... Geedel Cheese Grater Handheld Cheese Mill Parmesan Rotary Cheese Grater Cheese Shredder for...
7 Aurrako Rotary Cheese Grater Shredder with Handle,Kitchen Vegetable slicer with 5 Stainless Steel... Aurrako Rotary Cheese Grater Shredder with Handle,Kitchen Vegetable slicer with 5 Stainless Steel...
8 Manual Rotary Cheese Slicer Parmesan Cheese Grater for Food Vegetable Potato Carrot Nuts Grind with... Manual Rotary Cheese Slicer Parmesan Cheese Grater for Food Vegetable Potato Carrot Nuts Grind...
9 Cambom Cheese Grater Citrus Zester Lemon Zester Pack of 3 - 304 Stainless Steel - A Sharp Tool for... Cambom Cheese Grater Citrus Zester Lemon Zester Pack of 3 - 304 Stainless Steel - A Sharp Tool...
10 ZYLISS Classic Rotary Cheese Grater ZYLISS Classic Rotary Cheese Grater
11 Zyliss E900010 Classic Rotary Cheese Grater | Stainless Steel/Plastic | White | Cheese Grater/Garlic... Zyliss E900010 Classic Rotary Cheese Grater | Stainless Steel/Plastic | White | Cheese...
12 Scanwood Cherry Wood Italian Parmesan Cheese Grater Scanwood Cherry Wood Italian Parmesan Cheese Grater
13 Cheese Grater, Lemon Zester, Kitchen Tool for Parmesan Cheese, Ginger, Nutmeg, Coconut, Citrus,... Cheese Grater, Lemon Zester, Kitchen Tool for Parmesan Cheese, Ginger, Nutmeg, Coconut, Citrus,...
14 Stainless steel box grater with 4 Sides, Best for Parmesan Cheese, Vegetables, Ginger, With two... Stainless steel box grater with 4 Sides, Best for Parmesan Cheese, Vegetables, Ginger, With two...
15 Stainless Steel Cheese Grater with Natural Wood Handle for Parmesan Cheese Lemon, Ginger, Cheese,... Stainless Steel Cheese Grater with Natural Wood Handle for Parmesan Cheese Lemon, Ginger, Cheese,...
16 Mobi Parmesan Cheese Wheel Grater and Storage, 7-inches Mobi Parmesan Cheese Wheel Grater and Storage, 7-inches
17 TONMA Multipurpose Classic Rotary Cheese Grater with 304 Stainless Steel Drums, Handheld Cheese... TONMA Multipurpose Classic Rotary Cheese Grater with 304 Stainless Steel Drums, Handheld Cheese...
18 Premium Lemon Zester & Cheese Grater, Zester Grater with Handle for Parmesan, Citrus, Lime, Ginger,... Premium Lemon Zester & Cheese Grater, Zester Grater with Handle for Parmesan, Citrus, Lime,...
19 Lemon Zester, Cheese Grater, Parmesan Cheese, Ginger, Chocolate, With Razor-Sharp Stainless Steel... Lemon Zester, Cheese Grater, Parmesan Cheese, Ginger, Chocolate, With Razor-Sharp Stainless Steel...
20 NC Stainless Steel Cheese Grater, Cheese Grater, Suitable for Ginger, Garlic, Nutmeg, Chocolate,... NC Stainless Steel Cheese Grater, Cheese Grater, Suitable for Ginger, Garlic, Nutmeg, Chocolate,...
Bestseller No. 1
Zyliss Restaurant Cheese Grater - Handheld Rotary Cheese Grater - Cheese, Vegetable, Nut Grater -...
  • Efficient Grater: This crank cheese grater requires little pressure and folds for compact storage
  • Versatile Food Shredder: This handheld grater is ideal to use for hard cheeses, chocolate, and nuts
  • Compact Kitchen Grater: Non-slip knob and easy disassembly is ideal; for left and right handed use
  • NSF Restaurant Certified: This cheese and vegetable grader meets standards to protect public health
  • Zyliss Kitchen Accessories: Zyliss kitchen tools are favored by everyday cooks & gourmet chefs alike
SaleBestseller No. 2
Vivaant Professional-Grade Rotary Grater - 2 Stainless Steel Drums - Grate Or Shred Hard Cheeses,...
  • THE GREATER GRATER! - Regular graters are fine for zesting but they’re awkward and messy for grating things like hard cheeses, chocolate and nuts....
  • FEATURES YOU WANT! - Patented locking handle improves stability and reduces friction for easier grating. 2 sharpened stainless steel drums - fine for...
  • HIGHEST QUALITY AVAILABLE! - FEEL the difference when you hold and use our products. Higher quality, better design and more features than the...
  • SAFETY FIRST! - We design and build all of our products to the strictest standards and use only the highest quality BPA free and approved materials!...
  • A FRESH APPROACH! - Lifetime satisfaction guarantee! If it breaks, we’ll replace it free of charge! If you’re not absolutely thrilled with your...
SaleBestseller No. 3
Professional Box Grater, Stainless Steel with 4 Sides, Best for Parmesan Cheese, Vegetables, Ginger,...
  • Fantastic Results Without The Fatigue - With minimal effort you can perfectly shred and slice cheese and vegetables. Get creative and make dinner...
  • Food Prep Done Fast With Our New Extra Wide Size: Shred a block of cheese in no time with this wonderful product that is effective and durable. This...
  • Take Pride In Your Mastery Of The Culinary Arts: One simple kitchen tool that will completely improve the taste and texture of what you prepare. Skip...
  • Incredible Versatility With The 4 Sided Design: Consider getting rid of all the other graters and slicers you may own to make room for this. Coarse...
  • Kitchen Must-Have: Sharp Stainless Steel blades get the job done quickly and result in cleanly sliced and grated food. Removable rubber bottom keeps...
Bestseller No. 4
LHS Rotary Cheese Grater for Kitchen, Stainless Steel Cheese Shredder with 3 Sharp Drums, Easy to...
  • MULTI PURPOSE GRATER - The cheese grater can help you save the work of using knife. It is perfect for hard cheese, chocolate, nuts, pistachio,...
  • HIGH QUALITY & PROFESSIONAL - Made of high-quality stainless steel. The cheese graters for kitchen is durable and sturdy. Stainless steel handle...
  • NO RISK OF INJURY - The ergonomically long handle design and the wide operating space can prevent fingers from being cut. It can be easily operated...
  • EASY TO CLEAN - Drum and handle separate for easy cleaning. It is convenient to wash under flowing water. NOTED:After rotating the cheese, be sure...
  • PERFECT GIFT -  This cheese shredder grater is simple to use and makes the cooking process easier. It is a good gift for mothers, wives and even food...
Bestseller No. 5
Deiss PRO Lemon Zester & Heavy Duty Cheese Grater & Vegetable Grater — Parmesan Cheese Lemon,...
  • Comfortable to Use & Built to Last ✔ The Hand Grater has a razor-sharp stainless steel blade that won't rust and a comfortable, non-slip handle. Its...
  • Save Space in The Kitchen And Drawer ✔ Replace your bulky, unsafe, and hard-to-clean box grater, cheese grater electric, cheese grater with...
  • Improve Your Cooking ✔ Amaze your friends with new, restaurant-like recipes. Add strong new flavours with fresh lemon zest without any bitter pith...
  • Zesting & Grating Have Never Been So Simple ✔ Shear the hardest cheese into grated fluff or get nicely shredded carrots using almost no pressure....
  • Lifetime Warranty ✔ Deiss Kitchenware provides a lifetime warranty on its zesters for kitchen, grader for kitchen, rasp grater, zester grater with...
SaleBestseller No. 6
Geedel Cheese Grater Handheld Cheese Mill Parmesan Rotary Cheese Grater Cheese Shredder for Cheese...
  • Simply Operation - Just insert food into the cheese grater and turn pusher to shred. Plus, interchangeable blades allow you to grate the food into...
  • Cleaning with Ease - 420 Stainless steel blades constructed to last for years with easy clean-up, also dishwasher safe. Tips: To better clean the...
  • Ergonomic Design - Concave-convex design is suitable for hand grip, which makes controling more comfortable. Furthermore, the compact cheese shredder...
  • Great Kitchen Tool - All parts are made of food grade ABS material, BPA free. The results will be perfect for both hard and soft cheese, chocolate,...
  • Perfect Birthday Gift - 100% Satisfaction - The product comes with 1-Month Free Trial. Also, you can get 24 hour customer service and lifetime...
Bestseller No. 7
Aurrako Rotary Cheese Grater Shredder with Handle,Kitchen Vegetable slicer with 5 Stainless Steel...
  • 🧀EFFICIENT FOOD GRATER SHREDDER :Unique rotating grater design, with powerful suction feet and stable handle which makes the drum grater cut the...
  • 🧀MULTIFUNCTIONAL KITCHEN MANDOLINE SLICER:The blade that made of 402J2 material is a sharper and quick grater. The other parts are made of...
  • 🧀HIGH QUALITY&MORE SAFETY :No need to touch the blade ,More safe when you are prepering the meals.This high quality manual vegetable ​​slicer...
  • 🧀EASY USE EASY CLEAN:Cheese Shredder Grater for kitchen vegetable Julienne, Slicing and Grinding, all functions in one piece of equipment means...
  • 🧀GET YOUR GRATERS FOR KITCHEN:As a Branded Rotary Mandoline Slicer, we´ll provide you a great experience or you´ll get your money back. Keep it...
Bestseller No. 8
Manual Rotary Cheese Slicer Parmesan Cheese Grater for Food Vegetable Potato Carrot Nuts Grind with...
  • KEEP YOUR HANDS AWAY FROM THE BLADE:Do you remember how many times you cut your hands when cooking? This must be a bad number. Aftre using our...
  • MULTIFUNCTIONAL:This vegetable grinder has 3 stainless steel drum blades, a slicing blade, a coarse shredding blade and a fine shredding blade.It’s...
  • EASY TO CLEAN AND SPACE SAVING:The hand rotary grater slicer can be assembled quickly and disassembled easily.Cleanup is simple,just clean it under...
  • SAFE AND STURDY MATERIALS:Our cheese grater rotary handheld is made of high quality material. The 3 drum blades are made from 430 stainless steel,...
  • BUY WITHOUT ANY WORRIES : Although we think that the nut chopper is good quality. We still offer 30 DAYS MONEY BACK and 365 DAYS FREE EXCHANGE. So do...
Bestseller No. 9
Cambom Cheese Grater Citrus Zester Lemon Zester Pack of 3 - 304 Stainless Steel - A Sharp Tool for...
  • 🧀Cheese Grater Combination Set: Grater with fine, Coarse and Extra coarse holes and a cleaning brush. Each one comes with a protective shell. Super...
  • 🧀Meet Your Different Needs: The multi-functional grater helps you complete the pre-cooking preparation for pillow Parmesan, lemon, ginger, garlic,...
  • 🧀Superior Process: Lemon Zester is made of 304 stainless steel, and the blade is photochemically etchable. The blade is uniform, sharp and durable,...
  • 🧀Convenient Storage: The Fine blade is 11.8×1.45 in. Coarse and Extra Coarse are 11.4×2.4 in. Exquisite proportions, very comfortable to operate....
  • 🧀After-sales Service: All products purchased by Cambom, all can enjoy quality protection for 90 days, if you have any question including product...
Bestseller No. 10
ZYLISS Classic Rotary Cheese Grater
  • Rotary cheese grater works quickly to grate more cheese in less time
  • Stainless-steel drum accommodates hard cheese, chocolate, and nuts
  • Sturdy plastic housing; ergonomic grip; stores compactly in a cupboard or drawer
  • Removable parts for fast cleanup; dishwasher-safe
  • Measures approximately 6-1/2 by 3 by 5 inches; 5-year limited warranty
Bestseller No. 11
Zyliss E900010 Classic Rotary Cheese Grater | Stainless Steel/Plastic | White | Cheese Grater/Garlic...
  • Ultra-sharp acid-etched stainless steel blades makes light work of fine grating tasks
  • Ergonomic, soft touch handle designed to be comfortable in the hand and work with little pressure
  • Handle can switch sides for left or right handed use
  • Drum and handle separate for easy cleaning
  • Guaranteed for 5 years and dishwasher safe
Bestseller No. 12
Scanwood Cherry Wood Italian Parmesan Cheese Grater
  • Removable dishwasher safe stainless steel blade
  • Simple and open wood case design, elegant to grate and serve right at the dining table
  • Great for gifts, beautiful for displaying on a kitchen island
  • Designed by Scanwood Denmark, founded in 1919
  • Eco friendly, made from sustainable European forest sources
Bestseller No. 13
Cheese Grater, Lemon Zester, Kitchen Tool for Parmesan Cheese, Ginger, Nutmeg, Coconut, Citrus,...
  • 【Ultra Sharp Blades】 Wide stainless-steel frame with heavy-duty razor-sharp blades made of acid-etched premium 18/8 stainless steel for reliable...
  • 【User-friendly Design】It is heavyweight material. We improved the width to greatly enhance the working efficiency. The wide blade makes fast work...
  • 【Easy to Clean 】It can be clean immediately after rinsing under the running water. Use coming with kitchen brush on the underside of the blade to...
  • 【Multi-purpose Versatility】The Sunivaca zester/grater is a helpful kitchen tool. Effortlessly fine grates and zests a variety of foods, including...
  • 【Friendly to beginner】The Sunivaca cut resistant glove protects your hand when use grater & zester. It is made of high performance HPPE, Cut Level...
Bestseller No. 14
Stainless steel box grater with 4 Sides, Best for Parmesan Cheese, Vegetables, Ginger, With two...
  • High quality stainless steel - This box grater is constructed from high quality, rust resistant stainless steel. It allows for easy, mess-free grating...
  • Ultra Sharp Stainless Steel Blades with a Non-Slip base to keep grater securely in place, Comfortable, wide handle is easy-to-grip to let you grate...
  • 4 Different Grating Patterns - The grater features 3 grating surfaces and 1 slicing blade. Fine blade - ideal for making breadcrumbs and grating hard...
  • Dishwasher safe: Dishwasher safe for fast and easy cleanup.
  • One simple kitchen tool that will completely improve the taste and texture of what you prepare. Skip the food processor which is a hassle to clean and...
Bestseller No. 15
Stainless Steel Cheese Grater with Natural Wood Handle for Parmesan Cheese Lemon, Ginger, Cheese,...
  • 🧀【Precision & Performance】Thanks to the fine and extremely sharp stainless steel micro serrations, this cheese grater is capable of grating...
  • 🧀【Robust & Resilient】The rust-resistant 304 stainless steel blade is less likely to clog up and the non-slip foot can support more force when...
  • 🧀【Protective Blade Guard】This grater has ultra-sharp serrations, so keep your fingers safe and store it with the protective cover over the top...
  • 🧀【Wood Handle】The wood grip makes the grater an eye-catcher in the kitchen. A stainless-steel frame provides the necessary stability and the...
  • 🧀 Non-toxic, odorless, BPA-free, PVC-free, Phthalate-free, latex-free. Safe for children. 100% Satisfaction Guarantee & Tomorotec One-Year...
SaleBestseller No. 16
Mobi Parmesan Cheese Wheel Grater and Storage, 7-inches
  • Omni-directional blade design allows grating from any direction
  • Rubberized feet at base for anti-slip
  • Acid-etched blade for supreme sharpness
  • Separate storage cover for extra leftover cheese
  • Storage box is dishwasher safe; grater blade is hand-wash
Bestseller No. 17
TONMA Multipurpose Classic Rotary Cheese Grater with 304 Stainless Steel Drums, Handheld Cheese...
  • Multi-Purpose Design: Thicken food grade ABS material, handheld rotary cheese grater for hard cheese (like parmesan, cheddar), chocolate, nuts,...
  • Professional Quality and Everlasting Durable: Each cheese grinder is made using high-quality food-grade 18/8 stainless steel drums with razor-sharp...
  • Easy to Use & Clean: Open the cover lid, insert the ingredient in the barrel, close the lid and start rotating the crank handle clockwise. DISHWASHER...
  • All Round Guard Your Finger: Its ergonomic compact design, extended handle and wide operating space protect your fingers from cutting, ideal for...
  • Perfect After-Sales Service: All goods sold by TONMA provide 365 days warranty service. During the warranty period, if the cheese grater is damaged...
Bestseller No. 18
Premium Lemon Zester & Cheese Grater, Zester Grater with Handle for Parmesan, Citrus, Lime, Ginger,...
  • ✅"Easy ×3": Easy to use, easy to clean, easy to restore. Practical zesting & grating kitchen tool, simple to use and functional, It can be...
  • ✅"Good design ×5": Ergonomic handle design, Efficient safe blades design, Non-slip foot design, Hanging hole design and snap-on cover for...
  • ✅"Material": The Metal portions is made of really high-quality stainless steel, it will never get rust. The Handle portions is food-grade silicone,...
  • ✅"Versatility": Suitable for most fruits and vegetables, such as lemon, citrus, orange, lime, nutmeg, ginger, garlic, semi-soft cheese, chocolate,...
  • ✅LIFETIME WARRANTY: Haozan Kitchenware lifetime warranty is a guarantee to ensure our customers have a hassle-free experience and unbeatable product...
SaleBestseller No. 19
Lemon Zester, Cheese Grater, Parmesan Cheese, Ginger, Chocolate, With Razor-Sharp Stainless Steel...
  • 【EASY TO CLEAN AND STORE】Rinse the grater zester under the running water, it will be clean immediately. It is also dishwasher safe.With a hanging...
  • 【HANDY TO USE】Even a child can grate the hardest cheese into fluff without pressure.The grater’s handle is made of non-slip material,never slip...
  • 【FOOD - GRADE MATERIAL】NS zester is made of food - grade stainless steel and non-slip silicone material, with razor – sharp blade. It is highly...
  • 【A LIFETIME KITCHEN HELPLER】Our zester grater suits for fruits and vegetables, such as lemons, limes, parmesan, ginger, coconut, orange, chocolate...
  • 【QUALITY ASSURANCE】100% Money back, if any dissatisfaction about the zester.
Bestseller No. 20
NC Stainless Steel Cheese Grater, Cheese Grater, Suitable for Ginger, Garlic, Nutmeg, Chocolate,...
  • Easy to store and clean: The handle is designed with hanging holes to save kitchen space. You can choose to do it manually with a small amount of...
  • Easy to use and clean: By bending the blade, food is easier to release and easier to clean after completion. Just wipe it under water or put it in the...
  • Non-slip handle: non-slip handle, moderate length, 4.7 inches, easy to operate and comfortable to hold. You can even hold it tightly with wet hands or...
  • Multifunctional: It is very suitable for kitchen utensils and can be used to make a lot of Parmesan cheese, lemon, ginger, garlic, nutmeg, chocolate,...
  • Comfortable and durable to use: The cheese grater uses sharp stainless steel blades that will not rust, and the unique curved side makes it very...

Having trouble finding a great parmesan cheese grater?

This problem is well understood by us because we have gone through the entire parmesan cheese grater research process ourselves, which is why we have put together a comprehensive list of the best parmesan cheese graters available in the market today.

After hours of searching and using all the models on the market, we have found the best parmesan cheese grater for 2023. See our ranking below!

How Do You Buy The Best Parmesan Cheese Grater?

Do you get stressed out thinking about shopping for a great parmesan cheese grater? Do doubts keep creeping into your mind?

We understand, because we’ve already gone through the whole process of researching parmesan cheese grater, which is why we have assembled a comprehensive list of the greatest parmesan cheese grater available in the current market. We’ve also come up with a list of questions that you probably have yourself.

John Harvards has done the best we can with our thoughts and recommendations, but it’s still crucial that you do thorough research on your own for parmesan cheese grater that you consider buying. Your questions might include the following:

  • Is it worth buying an parmesan cheese grater?
  • What benefits are there with buying an parmesan cheese grater?
  • What factors deserve consideration when shopping for an effective parmesan cheese grater?
  • Why is it crucial to invest in any parmesan cheese grater, much less the best one?
  • Which parmesan cheese grater are good in the current market?
  • Where can you find information like this about parmesan cheese grater?

We’re convinced that you likely have far more questions than just these regarding parmesan cheese grater, and the only real way to satisfy your need for knowledge is to get information from as many reputable online sources as you possibly can.

Potential sources can include buying guides for parmesan cheese grater, rating websites, word-of-mouth testimonials, online forums, and product reviews. Thorough and mindful research is crucial to making sure you get your hands on the best-possible parmesan cheese grater. Make sure that you are only using trustworthy and credible websites and sources.

John Harvards provides an parmesan cheese grater buying guide, and the information is totally objective and authentic. We employ both AI and big data in proofreading the collected information.

How did we create this buying guide? We did it using a custom-created selection of algorithms that lets us manifest a top-10 list of the best available parmesan cheese grater currently available on the market.

This technology we use to assemble our list depends on a variety of factors, including but not limited to the following:

  1. Brand Value: Every brand of parmesan cheese grater has a value all its own. Most brands offer some sort of unique selling proposition that’s supposed to bring something different to the table than their competitors.
  2. Features: What bells and whistles matter for an parmesan cheese grater?
  3. Specifications: How powerful they are can be measured.
  4. Product Value: This simply is how much bang for the buck you get from your parmesan cheese grater.
  5. Customer Ratings: Number ratings grade parmesan cheese grater objectively.
  6. Customer Reviews: Closely related to ratings, these paragraphs give you first-hand and detailed information from real-world users about their parmesan cheese grater.
  7. Product Quality: You don’t always get what you pay for with an parmesan cheese grater, sometimes less, and sometimes more.
  8. Product Reliability: How sturdy and durable an parmesan cheese grater is should be an indication of how long it will work out for you.

John Harvards always remembers that maintaining parmesan cheese grater information to stay current is a top priority, which is why we are constantly updating our websites. Learn more about us using online sources.

If you think that anything we present here regarding parmesan cheese grater is irrelevant, incorrect, misleading, or erroneous, then please let us know promptly!

Related Post:

FAQ:

Q: Is Parmesan cheese the healthiest kind of cheese?

A: 1. Feta cheese Feta cheese is made from goat milk,so it can also be enjoyed by those who are lactose intolerant. … 2. Cottage cheese Cottage cheese or paneer is a serving of both flavour and nutrition in the same plate. … 4. Parmesan cheese Garnishing your regular omelet with some parmesan cheese is just what you need to complete your meal. … 5. Ricotta cheese

Q: What’s the best cheese grater?

A: Spring Chef Professional Box Cheese Grater. Prep food like a pro with this Spring Chef Professional Box Grater. … Microplane 38000 Professional Series Coarse Cheese Grater. Maybe you don’t like huge box style cheese graters. … ZYLISS Classic Rotary Cheese Grater. … Utopia Kitchen Cheese Grater. … KitchenAid KN300OSAQA Gourmet Box Grater. …

Q: What cheese is similar to Parmesan cheese?

A: Pecorino’s base flavor and texture are similar to Parmesan’s, but it has a couple key differences. Pecorino is made from sheep’s milk, which contains more fat than cow’s milk.

Q: How to best enjoy Parmesan cheese?

A: Place all of the ingredients into a food processor and process until a fine powder forms,similar to the texture of sand. Taste and add more salt for saltiness or nutritional yeast for cheesiness and pulse again to combine. Store this vegan parmesan cheese in a sealable jar in the fridge for up to a month.