20 Best Stim Machine For Sciatica [2024]

Are you looking for the best stim machine for sciatica? Based on expert reviews, we ranked them. We've listed our top-ranked picks, including the top-selling stim machine for sciatica.

We Recommended:

# Preview Product
1 Roscoe Medical TENS Unit and EMS Muscle Stimulator - OTC TENS Machine for Back Pain Relief, Lower... Roscoe Medical TENS Unit and EMS Muscle Stimulator - OTC TENS Machine for Back Pain Relief, Lower...
2 StimChoice 4000 TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator and EMS Muscle Stimulator - 4 Channel TENS Machine... StimChoice 4000 TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator and EMS Muscle Stimulator - 4 Channel TENS Machine...
3 Vive Digital TENs Unit - Portable Muscle Stimulator Electrode Machine Pad Device - Electrotherapy... Vive Digital TENs Unit - Portable Muscle Stimulator Electrode Machine Pad Device - Electrotherapy...
4 TENS! TENS!
5 TENS 7000 Digital TENS Unit with Accessories - TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator for Back Pain Relief,... TENS 7000 Digital TENS Unit with Accessories - TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator for Back Pain Relief,...
6 Belifu Dual Channel TENS EMS Unit 24 Modes Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief Therapy, Electronic... Belifu Dual Channel TENS EMS Unit 24 Modes Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief Therapy, Electronic...
7 NURSAL 24 Modes TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator with Continuous Stimulation, Rechargeable Electronic... NURSAL 24 Modes TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator with Continuous Stimulation, Rechargeable Electronic...
8 Tens Unit Machine Pulse Massager 24 Massage Modes Rechargeable Muscle Stimulator Device with 10 Pads Tens Unit Machine Pulse Massager 24 Massage Modes Rechargeable Muscle Stimulator Device with 10 Pads
9 AUVON Rechargeable TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator, 24 Modes 4th Gen TENS Machine with 8pcs 2'x2'... AUVON Rechargeable TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator, 24 Modes 4th Gen TENS Machine with 8pcs 2"x2"...
10 Tens Unit Muscle Stimulator 24 Massage Mode Tens EMS Machine Device Touchscreen Massager Intensity... Tens Unit Muscle Stimulator 24 Massage Mode Tens EMS Machine Device Touchscreen Massager...
11 AUVON Dual Channel TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator Machine with 20 Modes, 2' and 2'x4' TENS Unit... AUVON Dual Channel TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator Machine with 20 Modes, 2" and 2"x4" TENS Unit...
12 Steve Pereira Part II Steve Pereira Part II
13 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Clinical Applications for Psychiatric Practice Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Clinical Applications for Psychiatric Practice
14 Roscoe Medical TENS Unit and EMS Muscle Stimulator - 4-Channel OTC TENS Machine for Back Pain... Roscoe Medical TENS Unit and EMS Muscle Stimulator - 4-Channel OTC TENS Machine for Back Pain...
15 AUVON 24 Modes Dual Channel TENS EMS Unit, Rechargeable Muscle Stimulator with 26 Pads for Pain... AUVON 24 Modes Dual Channel TENS EMS Unit, Rechargeable Muscle Stimulator with 26 Pads for Pain...
16 TENS Unit and EMS Combination Muscle Stimulator with 2 Channels, 12 Modes for Pain Management for... TENS Unit and EMS Combination Muscle Stimulator with 2 Channels, 12 Modes for Pain Management for...
17 NURSAL Dual Channel EMS TENS Unit 24 Modes Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief & Muscle Strength with... NURSAL Dual Channel EMS TENS Unit 24 Modes Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief & Muscle Strength...
18 NURSAL TENS EMS Unit Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief Therapy, Electric 24 Modes Dual Channel TENS... NURSAL TENS EMS Unit Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief Therapy, Electric 24 Modes Dual Channel...
19 TENKER EMS TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator, 24 Modes Dual Channel Electronic Pulse Massager for Pain... TENKER EMS TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator, 24 Modes Dual Channel Electronic Pulse Massager for Pain...
20 iReliev TENS + EMS Combination Unit Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief & Arthritis & Muscle Strength... iReliev TENS + EMS Combination Unit Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief & Arthritis & Muscle...
Bestseller No. 1
Roscoe Medical TENS Unit and EMS Muscle Stimulator - OTC TENS Machine for Back Pain Relief, Lower...
  • Includes EMS Electro Stim.... Rehab your muscle injury. Combo TENS unit muscle stimulator and EMS muscle stimulator that will provide pain relief and...
  • Get instant pain relief.... TENS unit provides muscle pain relief for back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, sciatica pain relief, and more. An electric...
  • From The TENS 7000 Maker... Roscoe Medical has over 10+ years providing back pain relief devices to consumers for drug-free pain relief. Trust our...
  • Two Channel TENS EMS Unit... The Roscoe TENS unit and EMS unit provides electro stim using 2 independent channels that control up to four(4) TENS unit...
  • Was Prescription, Now OTC... This EMS unit and EMS muscle stimulator used to require a prescription, and is now over-the-counter physical therapy...
Bestseller No. 2
StimChoice 4000 TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator and EMS Muscle Stimulator - 4 Channel TENS Machine...
  • GET IMMEDIATE PAIN RELIEF. Portable TENS unit comes with multiple TENS therapy modes that will provide instant muscle pain relief. An electrotherapy...
  • INCLUDES EMS, REHAB YOUR MUSCLE INJURY. EMS muscle stimulator included with 3 EMS recovery modes. E stim modes provide electric physical therapy as an...
  • 4 CHANNEL EMS TENS UNIT. StimChoice 4000 TENS unit provides TENS therapy and is a muscle stimulator, nerve stimulator, EMS unit, and electric massager...
  • A LEADER SINCE 2008: A TENS device from the maker of the TENS 7000, and electrical muscle stimulator that is pioneering physical therapy equipment for...
  • CLINICAL STRENGTH PAIN RELIEF. Electronic pulse massager for pain relief and rehab. Perfect for back pain relief, neck pain, carpal tunnel relief,...
Bestseller No. 3
Vive Digital TENs Unit - Portable Muscle Stimulator Electrode Machine Pad Device - Electrotherapy...
  • SAFE, TARGETED PAIN RELIEF: Fully customizable, the pocket-sized TENS digital pulse massager provides immediate relief from aching, sore muscles....
  • CUSTOMIZABLE TREATMENT SETTINGS: Featuring five preprogrammed modes of massage, each therapy session easily adjusts for personal comfort. Using the...
  • COMPACT AND EASY TO USE: Easily slipping into a pocket, briefcase or purse, the TENS unit is compact and lightweight with an easy to read LCD display....
  • OUT OF THE BOX READY: This unit includes everything necessary for immediate pain relief. The TENS digital pulse massager includes the base unit, two...
  • VIVE GUARANTEE: 60 day unconditional guarantee so you can purchase now with confidence.
Bestseller No. 4
TENS!
  • Inventive new take on the puzzle genre - addictive, satisfying gameplay!
  • Take on TENS! Adventure to play clever, unique puzzles and progress through the levels!
  • See how your endless score ranks against your friends with social leaderboards!
  • Extra features such as dice skins and the super-tricky expert mode!
  • Add dice skins to your collection by completing challenges!
SaleBestseller No. 5
TENS 7000 Digital TENS Unit with Accessories - TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator for Back Pain Relief,...
  • NEED PRESCRIPTION STRENGTH PAIN RELIEF? A TENS unit muscle stimulator and electric massager that provides pain relief, acts as a muscle massager or...
  • OVER 1M TENS 7000 DEVICES SOLD: A consumer over the counter favorite back pain relief device and a leader in physical therapy equipment for providing...
  • A LEADER SINCE 2008: A 10+ year favorite TENS device among medical professionals for delivering drug-free back pain relief as well as treating common...
  • GET IMMEDIATE PAIN RELIEF: TENS machine comes with multiple TENS therapy modes that will provide instant muscle pain relief. An electrotherapy machine...
  • DUAL CHANNEL TENS UNIT: The TENS 7000 TENS unit provides TENS therapy and is a muscle stimulator, nerve stimulator, and electric massager with...
Bestseller No. 6
Belifu Dual Channel TENS EMS Unit 24 Modes Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief Therapy, Electronic...
  • Multifunctional Tens Massager with 24 Preprogrammed Massage Modes for Pain and Muscle Relief. TENS unit help relieve pain associated�...
  • Non Invasive, Non...
  • A/B Dual Channels Tens with 24 Modes, 20 Levels Intensity and Time Control. Relax Any Time Anywhere with Pocket Size! You can ope...
  • Free Dust-Proof Drawstring Storage Bag, Reusable Fastening Cable Ties and 10 Pcs of Self Adhesive Conductive Reusable Electrode Pads. No more cable...
  • Built in Powerful Rechargeable Lithium Battery-- up to 20 Hours of Continuous Use. It can be connected to wall charger, power bank or laptop USB port...
SaleBestseller No. 7
NURSAL 24 Modes TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator with Continuous Stimulation, Rechargeable Electronic...
  • 24 Modes (TENS+EMS) & Steady Pulse - The 24 pre-programmed tens unit muscle stimulator Adapts Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation technology...
  • Memory Function– NURSAL TENS machine remembers and sets the massage mode you have applied last time without selecting your preferred modes again and...
  • Adjustable 20 Intensity Levels & Timer – NURSAL rechargeable TENS unit - equipped with 20 adjustable intensity levels - allows you to customize the...
  • 8 Reusable Electrode Pads, 2 Outputs –The strong self-adhesive property was added in the reusable electrode pads thus enables much better...
  • What you will receive: 1 x TENS & EMS Machine, 4 Palm Electrode Pads, 2 Large Rectangle Pads, 2 Small Pads, 2 x 1/2 Lead Wires, 1 x 1/4 Lead Wires, 1...
SaleBestseller No. 8
Tens Unit Machine Pulse Massager 24 Massage Modes Rechargeable Muscle Stimulator Device with 10 Pads
  • WHAT IS NUEMEDICSTENS 24? - NueMedics Tens 24 - It is a combination of TENS and PMS device, drug free method of pain relief used by Physical...
  • USER FRIENDLY - Modes are clearly labelled as "Neck", "Shoulder","Back", "Elbow", "Hip", "Foot/Hands", "Knee", "Joint", "Acu", "Knead", "Tap",...
  • WHAT IS INCLUDED ? :1x NueMedics Tens 24 Controller, 6 Large Electrodes ( Pads ), 2 Electrodes Cables, User's Manual, Usb and Wall Charger, 1x Pad and...
  • IMPORTANT NOTE: As a safety feature, the intensity button will remain locked until all pads are securely on the skin. Please turn on the device only...
SaleBestseller No. 9
AUVON Rechargeable TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator, 24 Modes 4th Gen TENS Machine with 8pcs 2"x2"...
  • Professional TENS Machine. The AUVON Electric Massager can excite / stimulate the sensory nerves and muscles, activate specific natural pain gate...
  • TENS Pads with Upgrade Gel. The Low impedance Solid Gel has been upgraded to the industry leading adhesive, which can provide much better self-stick...
  • Upgrade 24 Choices for Pain Relief. AUVON electronic TENS device has as many as 24 user-friendly pre-promgrammed massage modes and adjustable timing,...
  • Rechargeable Lithium Battery. No worries about treatment interruption for dead AA batteries any more! It can give you continuous use up to 10 hours!...
  • What You Receive: 1 x AUVON TENS Muscle Relaxer, 8 x Square Electrode Pads, 2 x Lead Wires (1/2 Wire), 1 x Pads Holder, 1 x USB Cable, 1 x Pouch, 1 x...
Bestseller No. 10
Tens Unit Muscle Stimulator 24 Massage Mode Tens EMS Machine Device Touchscreen Massager Intensity...
  • WHAT IS TECHCARE MASSAGER : It is a combination of TENS and PMS device, drug free method of pain relief used by Physical Therapists and prescribed...
  • FEATURES : Multiple preprogramed massage modes with Touch Screen. Tapping, Acupuncture, Deep Tissue, Foot, Cupping, Combo. Adjustable 20 to 60 minutes...
  • WHAT IS INCLUDED ? : 1x 2024 Newest Model Touch Screen Controller, 8 Large Electrodes ( Pads ), 2 Electrodes Cables, User's Manual, Usb and Wall...
  • PAIN RELIEF: Techcare Massager contracts and releases the muscles. Chiropractors has been using these products.
SaleBestseller No. 11
AUVON Dual Channel TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator Machine with 20 Modes, 2" and 2"x4" TENS Unit...
  • Pain Relief Machine. The rechargeable electric muscle massager can stimulate the sensory nerves and muscles, activate specific natural pain gate...
  • Up to 20 Modes. Pre-set modes offer you hammering, kneading, shiatsu and more choices to help relieve pain associated with aching and fatigue muscles...
  • Independent Mode Control. You can set separate modes and intensities for channel A and channel B. For example, you could choose Acupuncture mode in...
  • Industry-Leading TENS Pads. The included electrode pads can provide excellent self-stick performance for up to 45 uses. The shaped 2" TENS electrodes...
  • What You Receive: 1 x Dual Channel TENS Machine, 4 x 2" Square Electrode Pads, 4 x Large Rectangle 2"x4" Pads, 2 x Lead Wires, 1 x USB cable, 1 x USB...
Bestseller No. 12
Steve Pereira Part II
  • Amazon Prime Video (Video on Demand)
  • English (Playback Language)
  • English (Subtitle)
Bestseller No. 13
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation: Clinical Applications for Psychiatric Practice
  • Richard A. Bermudes (Author)
  • English (Publication Language)
  • 230 Pages - 11/21/2017 (Publication Date) - Amer Psychiatric Pub Inc (Publisher)
SaleBestseller No. 14
Roscoe Medical TENS Unit and EMS Muscle Stimulator - 4-Channel OTC TENS Machine for Back Pain...
  • Includes EMS, Rehab Your Muscle Injury... Combo TENS EMS unit that will provide electric shock therapy for muscles and rehab for muscle injuries. TENS...
  • Get Instant Pain Relief... TENS unit provides muscle pain relief for back pain, neck pain, shoulder pain, sciatica pain relief, and more. An electric...
  • An Industry Leader Since 2008... Roscoe Medical has over 10+ years providing back pain relief devices to consumers for drug-free pain relief. Trust...
  • 4 Channel TENS EMS Unit... TENS unit and EMS unit provides electro stim using 4 independent channels that control up to eight(8) TENS unit pads. TENS...
  • Was Prescription, Now OTC. EMS unit and EMS muscle stimulator that was prescription and is now an over-the-counter TENS machine and EMS machine. Get...
Bestseller No. 15
AUVON 24 Modes Dual Channel TENS EMS Unit, Rechargeable Muscle Stimulator with 26 Pads for Pain...
  • TENS + EMS Combination Unit. AUVON TENS & PMS/EMS device combines 2 therapies in 1 device, in which TENS provides safe, non-invasive, drug-free...
  • Independent Dual Channel. You can choose different modes and intensities for channel A and channel B. For example, you could choose P1 mode in channel...
  • Multi-Functional with 24 Mode. 20 levels of intensity, 24 preprogrammed massage modes with adjustable time (maximum to 90 min). With built-in powerful...
  • Value 26pcs TENS Pads. The low-impedance gel has been upgraded to the industry-leading American adhesive, which can provide a better self-stick...
  • What You Receive: 1 x AUVON Dual Channel TENS machine, 16pcs 5cm x 5cm Electrode Pads, 10pcs 5cm x 10cm Electrode Pads, 2 x Lead Wires (1/2 Wire), 1 x...
Bestseller No. 16
TENS Unit and EMS Combination Muscle Stimulator with 2 Channels, 12 Modes for Pain Management for...
  • 2 CHANNEL / 4 ELECTRODE PADS - each channel's intensity can be controlled separately
  • EASY TO USE - BEST for PAIN RELIEF, Relaxation, Reflexology and Acupressure
  • 12 PROGRAMS with 20 Intensity Settings. 14 Electrode pads Included, Large LCD display, Belt Clip
  • 60 MINUTES ADJUSTABLE TIMER - Select the length of your treatment for BEST RESULTS - automatic shutoff
  • PORTABLE WITH PROFESSIONAL QUALITY GRADE CONSTRUCTION - use it at HOME, OFFICE or when TRAVELING. The device should be USED ONLY with the LEADS and...
SaleBestseller No. 17
NURSAL Dual Channel EMS TENS Unit 24 Modes Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief & Muscle Strength with...
  • PROFESSIONAL PAIN RELIEF MACHINE: The electronic tens device brings non-invasive pain-relief method for home uses. 24 pre-programmed massage modes...
  • REAL AB DUAL CHANNEL: Comparing with other dual channel TENS massagers which can’t change modes separately, this rechargeable electric muscle...
  • MEMORY FUNCTION & ACCIDENTAL TOUCH PREVENTION: NURSAL electronic TENS device save your time! Thanks to the exclusive function, NURSAL nerve stimulator...
  • 24 MODES & 20 INTENSITY LEVELS: NURSAL TENS unit incorporates 6 main therapy modes(each with 4 sub-modes) to efficiently alleviate body soreness,...
  • 14 STRONG ADHESIVE THICKER REUSABLE ELECTRODE PADS: The wireless TENS is equipped with premium quality pads firmly attached them to your skin. The...
SaleBestseller No. 18
NURSAL TENS EMS Unit Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief Therapy, Electric 24 Modes Dual Channel TENS...
  • A/B DUAL CHANNELS TENS: You can set separate modes and intensities for channel A and channel B, the TENS last memory function will remember your...
  • 24 MODES CHOICES FOR PAIN RELIEF: NURSAL electronic TENS device has 24 user-friendly pre-promgrammed massage modes, making it much easier to use than...
  • POWERFUL RECHARGEABLE BATTERY: No worries about treatment interruption for dead AA batteries any more! This tens massager can give you continuous use...
  • ADJUSTABLE TIMER & INTENSITY: The timer allows you to set a time of between 10-60 minutes, with the default set to 20 minutes. Twenty levels of...
  • ENJOY WITH THE PORTABLE DESIGN: This NURSAL TENS unit device comes with a carrying bag, allowing you to carry it anywhere when necessary. It comes...
SaleBestseller No. 19
TENKER EMS TENS Unit Muscle Stimulator, 24 Modes Dual Channel Electronic Pulse Massager for Pain...
  • Versatility TENS Machine: The TENKER massager machine combines 24 pre-programmed massage modes, provide precise control to relieve muscle pain and...
  • Steady Pulse Function: We found many guest wish to own a tens massager with a continuous pulse setting, so in this tens device mode1&2 are provides...
  • 2 Independent Outputs: Set different modes for each channel and use them for 2 different body areas, or by 2 people simultaneously. Electrode pads are...
  • Memory Function & Lock Function: TENKER electronic pulse massager stimulator remembers the massage mode you have applied last time and sets it once...
  • What You Receive: TENKER TENS unit comes with a carrying bag, allowing you to carry it anywhere when necessary. You'll get 1X TENS EMS Unit, 6X 2"...
SaleBestseller No. 20
iReliev TENS + EMS Combination Unit Muscle Stimulator for Pain Relief & Arthritis & Muscle Strength...
  • 2 in 1: iReliev TENS + EMS Combination Unit Combines Two Therapies in 1 device.
  • WHAT IS TENS?: Stands for "Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation"- a safe, non-invasive, drug free method of pain relief used by Physical...
  • 14 Therapy Modes: 7 TENS Pain Relief Modes, 1 Arthritis TENS Mode & 6 EMS Muscle Strength & Recovery Modes
  • WHAT IS EMS? : Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS) also known as nueromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is the elicitation of muscle contraction...
  • Features: 25 levels of 80 mA intensity, 5-60 minute adjustable timer, lock function, dual channel versatility, portable design!

Having trouble finding a great stim machine for sciatica?

This problem is well understood by us because we have gone through the entire stim machine for sciatica research process ourselves, which is why we have put together a comprehensive list of the best stim machine for sciaticas available in the market today.

After hours of searching and using all the models on the market, we have found the best stim machine for sciatica for 2023. See our ranking below!

How Do You Buy The Best Stim Machine For Sciatica?

Do you get stressed out thinking about shopping for a great stim machine for sciatica? Do doubts keep creeping into your mind?

We understand, because we’ve already gone through the whole process of researching stim machine for sciatica, which is why we have assembled a comprehensive list of the greatest stim machine for sciatica available in the current market. We’ve also come up with a list of questions that you probably have yourself.

John Harvards has done the best we can with our thoughts and recommendations, but it’s still crucial that you do thorough research on your own for stim machine for sciatica that you consider buying. Your questions might include the following:

  • Is it worth buying an stim machine for sciatica?
  • What benefits are there with buying an stim machine for sciatica?
  • What factors deserve consideration when shopping for an effective stim machine for sciatica?
  • Why is it crucial to invest in any stim machine for sciatica, much less the best one?
  • Which stim machine for sciatica are good in the current market?
  • Where can you find information like this about stim machine for sciatica?

We’re convinced that you likely have far more questions than just these regarding stim machine for sciatica, and the only real way to satisfy your need for knowledge is to get information from as many reputable online sources as you possibly can.

Potential sources can include buying guides for stim machine for sciatica, rating websites, word-of-mouth testimonials, online forums, and product reviews. Thorough and mindful research is crucial to making sure you get your hands on the best-possible stim machine for sciatica. Make sure that you are only using trustworthy and credible websites and sources.

John Harvards provides an stim machine for sciatica buying guide, and the information is totally objective and authentic. We employ both AI and big data in proofreading the collected information.

How did we create this buying guide? We did it using a custom-created selection of algorithms that lets us manifest a top-10 list of the best available stim machine for sciatica currently available on the market.

This technology we use to assemble our list depends on a variety of factors, including but not limited to the following:

  1. Brand Value: Every brand of stim machine for sciatica has a value all its own. Most brands offer some sort of unique selling proposition that’s supposed to bring something different to the table than their competitors.
  2. Features: What bells and whistles matter for an stim machine for sciatica?
  3. Specifications: How powerful they are can be measured.
  4. Product Value: This simply is how much bang for the buck you get from your stim machine for sciatica.
  5. Customer Ratings: Number ratings grade stim machine for sciatica objectively.
  6. Customer Reviews: Closely related to ratings, these paragraphs give you first-hand and detailed information from real-world users about their stim machine for sciatica.
  7. Product Quality: You don’t always get what you pay for with an stim machine for sciatica, sometimes less, and sometimes more.
  8. Product Reliability: How sturdy and durable an stim machine for sciatica is should be an indication of how long it will work out for you.

John Harvards always remembers that maintaining stim machine for sciatica information to stay current is a top priority, which is why we are constantly updating our websites. Learn more about us using online sources.

If you think that anything we present here regarding stim machine for sciatica is irrelevant, incorrect, misleading, or erroneous, then please let us know promptly!

FAQ:

Q: What is the best TENS machine for sciatica?

A: Magic TENs (Best for Traveling) Magic Tens is a wireless and compact TENs machine that is portable and suitable to take out as well as a trip. It modes that can help relieve the symptoms of sciatica, relax the muscles and nerves surrounding the sciatic nerve.

Q: How to relieve sciatica pain without medication?

A: Luckily enough, there are some better ways to soothe or reduce the sciatic pain in your own home at your convenience even without taking any pain relief medicines. One of the reputable ways is to use the Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) machines. The TENS machines are used for stimulating the nerves electrically for pain relief.

Q: Can a ten unit help with sciatica?

A: A 2009 study found clinical evidence that TENs units have beneficial effects in helping the treatment of lower back pain-related conditions, including sciatica.

Q: What makes a good STIM machine?

A: Secondly, a good stim machine should have different levels of electrical stimulation intensity to choose from. It would be wise to start with the low-intensity treatment, gradually increasing the strength of stimulation.

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